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¥»¤å«Ê­±  I. ª«²zªvÀøªº¯f¾ú°O¿ý II. »²§U¬ì§Þ¾¹§÷·§½× III. ¤¤Âå¾Ç·§½×

Hwzo-Khoky-Khiezaai Khaelun »²§U¬ì§Þ¾¹§÷·§½×
Introduction toAssistive Technology Devices
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Kaesiau  ¤¶²Ð   Introduction to Assistive Technology Devices


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Kionghoax Hengtong ee Hwzo Khiezaai    ±j¤Æ¦æ°Êªº»²§U¾¹§÷
       Assistive Devices to Enhance Mobility and Activities
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Hwzo-Khoky-Khiezaai Jibmngg
   »²§U¬ì§Þ¾¹§÷ ¤Jªù Introduction to Assistive Technology Devices

Ciornggai »Ùê¡] impairment ¡^
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    Citpvi sor-Zoxseeng ee Pvilie-Khoat'ham ¯e¯f©Ò³y¦¨ªº¯f²z¯Ê³´


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Sitleeng ¥¢¯à¡]disability¡^
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    Sinthea iafsi simile ee Kongleeng Chisiok Siuxtioh Haxnzex


      ¨­Åé©Î¤ß²z¥\¯à«ùÄò¨ü¨ì­­¨î
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Zancioxng ´Ý»Ù¡]handicap¡^
   Pvilie-Khoat'ham Toxtix-kaux Bohoad Tadtor Korjiin iafsi Siaxhoe ee Kithai ee, ciuxsi Chisiok ee Siaxhoe-kongleeng ee Sitleeng
   ¦]¬ÛÃö¯f²z¯Ê³´¾É­PµLªk¹F¨ì­Ó¤H©ÎªÀ·|¤§´Á«Ý¡A¥ç§Y«ùÄò¤§ªÀ·|¥\¯à¥¢¯à¡C
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Sidle  ¹ê¨Ò  (example)
  Khor Abie siofciar siuxtioh chiaho sitkhix siangthuie-tefngzad ciu toxtix yi boextaxng nar siuxsiofng-zeeng hiahniq suxnli cirnheeng jidsioong ee kaki-ciaokox ee khangkhoex, chinchviu siafji, zhexngsvaf, terng.  Ciofngciorng ee putpien khofleeng cixn-cidpo ho yi boextaxng keasiok ciuxhak iafsi kangzog, sixmcix kab siaxhoe kehli-tiau.
  ³\ªü¬ü¤p©j¦]¨®º×¥¢¥hÂù¤WªÏ (upper extremity anputee) ¾É­P¦oµLªk¦p¦P¥¼¨ü¶Ë«e¯ë¶¶§Q¶i¦æ¤é±`¦Û§Ú·ÓÅ@¤u§@¡A¦p¼g¦r¡B¬ï¦çµ¥ (disability) ¡CºØºØ¤£«K¥i¯à¶i¤@¨B¾É­P¦oµLªkÄ~Äò´N¾Ç©Î¤u§@¡A¬Æ¦Ü»PªÀ·|¹jÂ÷ (handicap)¡C
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Symmih si Syn-Sym Ciornggai? ¦ó¿×¨­¤ß»Ùê
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Binkog 86-nii 4-goeh u ciofng "Syn-Sym ciornggai-ciar Pofho-Hoad" kongpox. ¥Á°ê¤K¤Q¤»¦~¥|¤ë¤½§G¡u¨­¤ß»ÙêªÌ«OÅ@ªk¡v
Eng "Syn-Sym Ciornggai-ciar" laai zhuotai "Zancioxng-ciar". ¥H¡u¨­¤ß»ÙêªÌ¡v¨ú¥N¡u´Ý»ÙªÌ¡v
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¡§Syn-Sym Ciornggai-ciar" si teq kie korjiin in'ui senglie iafsi simlie ee insox tiesuo boextaxng zham'uo siaxhoe koq ho y ee ciongsu-sengsarn-oaqtong ee kongleeng siuxtioh haxnzex iafsi ho y boextaxng hoat'huy, kengkoex kafmteng-au u huohap Tiong'iofng-
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Oexsefng-Zwkoarn-Kikoafn sor-zeateng ee haxliet ciornggai-tefngkib ciu niaftioh Syn-Sym Ciornggai Chiwzheq ee laang.    Ciah'ee laang ciuxsi u sixkag-ciornggai, thviakag-ciornggai, kithea-ciornggai, ganbin-swnsiofng, sidbut-jiin, baxnsexng zengsiin-pvy ee hoaxnciar, terng.
   ¨­¤ß»ÙêªÌ¡A«Y«ü­Ó¤H¦]¥Í²z©Î¤ß²z¦]¯À­P¨ä°Ñ»PªÀ·|¤Î±q¨Æ¥Í²£¬¡°Ê¥\¯à¨ü¨ì­­¨î©ÎµLªkµo´§¡A¸gŲ©w²Å¦X¤¤¥¡½Ã¥Í¥DºÞ¾÷Ãö©Ò©wµ¥¯Å¤§ ¤U¦C»Ùê ¨Ã»â¦³¨­¤ß»Ùê¤â¥UªÌ¬°½d³ò¡v
µøı»Ùê/ťı©Î¥­¿Å¾÷¯à»Ùê/ªÏÅé»Ùê (¤WªÏ¡B¤UªÏ¡BÂß·F)/ ÃC­±·l¶Ë/ ´Óª«¤H / ºC©Êºë¯«¯f±wªÌµ¥


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Syn-Sym Ciornggai Jinkhao ee Hunseg  ¨­¤ß»Ùê¤H¤f¤ÀªR


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  Kaux 89-nii-toea, Taai-Baan toexkhw syn-sym ciornggai jinkhao ee zorngsox ykefng tudphoax 70-ban laang, pengkwn 100-laang-tiofmg u 3.2-laang si syn-sym ciornggai-ciar.


   ¦Ü¥Á°ê¤E¤Q¤T¦~¤»¤ë¡A¥x»Ô¦a°Ï¨­¤ß»Ùê¤H¤fÁ`¼Æ¤w¬ð¯}¤K¤Q¤K¸U¤H¡A¥­§¡3.9¤H/ 100¤H¬°¨­¤ß»ÙêªÌ
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Lamsexng: 58.6%,  lwsexng: 41.4%   ¨k©Ê¡G58.6¢H¡B¤k©Ê¡G41.4¢H


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Ciornggai-Tefnkib  »Ùêµ¥¯Å¡G


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  Kek-taxngto (13.1%), taxngto (23.1%), tiongto (36.6%), khinto (27.2%).  ·¥­««× (13.1¢H)¡B­««× (23.1¢H)¡B¤¤«× (36.6¢H)¡A»´«× (27.2¢H)


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Ciornggai Luixpiet: Kithea-ciornggai-ciar ciaxm zoex-koaan ee pyle. »ÙêÃþ§O¡GªÏ»ÙªÌ¦û³Ì°ª¤ñ¨Ò


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Gvofkog Syn-Sym Ciornggai-Jinkhao ee Tegtefng §Ú°ê¨­¤ß»Ùê¤H¤f¯S¼x


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    Jinkhao hioxng tohoe-khw cibtiofng ¤H¤f©¹³£·|°Ï¶°¤¤


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    Syn-sym ciornggai-jinkhao chisiok teq zexngkaf  ¨­¤ß»Ùê¤H¤fÁ`¼Æ«ùÄò¼W¥[


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    Syn-sym ciornggai-jinkhao teq koleeng-hoax  ¨­¤ß»Ùê¤H¤f°ªÄÖ¤Æ


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    Huy-sienthiefn-sexng ee syn-sym ciornggai-ciar ee pyle teq zexngkaf- «D¥ý¤Ñ©Ê¨­¤ß»ÙêªÌ¤ñ¨Ò¼W¥[
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    Syn-sym ciornggai-ciar ee kao'iok-thengto phienke. ¨­¤ß»ÙêªÌ±Ð¨|µ{«×°¾§C
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Laang ee Piawhien kab Hwzo-Khoky
 ¤Hªºªí²{»P»²§U¬ì§Þ human performance and assistive technologies
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Symmih Kiorzox Hwzo-Khoky ¦ó¿×
»²§U¬ì§Þ (Assistive Technology)¡H
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    Hoaxnsi kiet'hap-tioh ihak, hogkien-iliaau, tegsuu-
kaoiok, hiexntai-khohak kab kangtheeng-kisut laai giefnhoad kokciorng huy-chimjip-sexng ee tixliaau ee honghoad, khiezaai, hurnlien-sietpi, zancioxng-hwzo-khieku terng ee lefnghek, ciuxsi hwzo-khoky.  Boeq ho jitoong, lauxlaang, syn-sym zancioxng kab baxnsexn-pvi ee hoaxnciar lorng thafng exnglaai tioxngkiexn iafsi taixciofng sor-sidkhix ee kithea-kongleeng, laai ien'au kongleeng-sexng ee thoeahoax, laai kiafmcior jixzhux-sionghai kab siongkoafn ee penghoad-zexng, ciuxsi y ee bogpiaw.
     ªx«üµ²¦XÂå¾Ç¡B´_°·ÂåÀø¡B¯S®í±Ð¨|¡B²{¥N¬ì¾Ç»P¤uµ{§Þ³N¡A¬ãµo¦UºØ«D«I¤J©ÊªvÀø¤èªk¡B¾¹§÷¡B°V½m³]³Æ¡B´Ý»Ù»²¨ãµ¥»â°ì¡A¨Ï¨àµ£¡B¦Ñ¦~¤H¡B¨­¤ß´Ý»Ù¤ÎºC©Ê¯f±wªÌµ¥¥iÂÇ¥H­««Ø©Î¥NÀv¬Y¨Ç¥¢¥hªºªÏÅé¥\¯à¡B©µ«á¥\¯à©Ê°h¤Æ¡B´î¤Ö¤G¦¸¶Ë®`¤Î¬ÛÃöªº¨Öµo¯g
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Bykog¬ü°ê¡A1988¦~
  Ciofng "hwzo-khoky-zongkhu" kab "hwzo-khoky-hogbu" liexjip syn-sym ciornggai-ciar iwkoafn ee khoky-hwzo kong-hoad.
    ±N¡y»²§U¬ì§Þ¸Ë¨ã¡z¤Î¡y»²§U¬ì§ÞªA°È¡z¦C¤J¡y¨­¤ß»ÙêªÌ¦³Ãö¬ì§Þ»²§U¤½ªk¡z¤¤
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   Texnggi: "Hwzo-khoky" ciuxsi jixmhoo chviwsiofng lorng thafng thekioxng, siukae iafsi texngzex ee zongti-sietpi ee hexthorng; boeq exnglaai kionghoax, ichii iafsi kaycixn synm-sym ciornggai-ciar ee kongleeng, paukoad-tioh ke-khoky kaux koaang-khoky ee nng'gvexthea ee jixmhoo safnphirn.  Sw'iong ee tuiesiong paukoad kicioxng, sixcioxng, thengcioxng gwcioxng, tiecioxng, hagcioxng, zuxpix-zexng, toteeng-ciornggai terng ee syn-sym ciorngggai-hoaxnciar.


    ©w¸q¡G¡y»²§U¬ì§Þ¡z¬°¥ô¦ó¼t°Ó©Ò¯à´£¨Ñ¡B­×§ï©Î­q»s¤§¸Ë¸m³]³Æ¨t²Î¡A¥Î¥H±j¤Æ¡Bºû«ù©Î§ï¶i¨­¤ß»ÙêªÌ¥\¯à¡A¥]§t¤F§C¬ì§Þ¦Ü°ª¬ì§Þ³n¡BµwÅ餧¥ô¦ó²£«~¡C¨Ï¥Î¹ï¶H¥]¬AªÏ»Ù¡Bµø»Ù¡BÅ¥»Ù¡B»y»Ù¡B´¼»Ù¡B¾Ç»Ù¡B¦Û³¬¯g¡B¦h­«»Ùêµ¥¨­¤ß»Ùê±wªÌ
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Symmih Kiorzox "Hwzo-Khoky-Hogbu"?  ¦ó¿×¡y»²§U¬ì§ÞªA°È¡z


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   Phengkor korjiin sor-su'iaux ee hwzo-khoky, paukoad tuix korjiin ee hoankerng kab kongleeng ee phengkor. µû¦ô­Ó¤H©Ò»Ý¤§»²§U¬ì§Þ¡A¥]¬A¹ï­Ó¤HÀô¹Ò¤Î¥\¯à©Êµû¦ô¡F


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    Koftix, zotaix, iafsi sarngzhud hwzof-khoky-khiezaai  Áʸm¡B¯²¶U¡B©Îµ¹¤©»²§U¬ì§Þ¾¹§÷¡F


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   Ciofng hwzo-khiezaai soafnzhuo, sietkex, sektofng-zngphoex, korjiin niusyn-texngzex, siukae, erng'iong, uisiw, terng.   ¿ï¨ú¡B³]­p¡B¾A·í¸Ë°t¡B­Ó¤H¶q¨­­q»s¡B­×§ï¡BÀ³¥Î¡Bºû­×µ¥»²§U¾¹§÷¡F


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  Hwzo-khoky phoeahap-tioh kithvaf ee tixliaau-hoad iafsi hogbu;  citkhoarn ee zernghap-sw'iong. »²§U¬ì§Þ°t¦X¨ä¥LªvÀøªk©ÎªA°È¤§¾ã¦X¨Ï¥Î¡F


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   Thekioxng hwzo-zongkhu, laai hurnlien y ee sw'iong kab cyto y ee kisut. ´£¨Ñ»²§U¸Ë¨ã¨Ï¥Î¤§°V½m»P§Þ³N«ü¾É¡F


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´£¨Ñ±M·~¬ÛÃö¤H­û°V½m¤Î»²§U¸Ë¨ã¨Ï¥Î¤§§Þ³N¡C


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Laang ee Piawhien-Boheeng  ¤Hªºªí²{¼Ò«¬  human performance model


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  Laang ee Piawhien tuix Hexthorng ee Piawhien  ¤Hªºªí²{©M¨t²Îªí²{   human performance vs. system performance


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  Teq koatteng hwzo-khoky-hexthorng ee hauxleeng ee sii, aeboeq zhekliong ee zonghap-sexng ee piawhien  ¦b¨M©w»²§U¬ì§Þ¨t²Îªº®Ä¯à®É¡A¶·´ú¶qªººî¦Xªí²{


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Laang  ¤H


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Sor-ciongsu ee oaqtang  ±q¨Æªº¬¡°Ê


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   Sor-ciongsu ee hoankerng  ±q¨ÆªºÀô¹Ò


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Hwzo-khoky  »²§U¬ì§Þ
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    Jinlui-Oaqtang-hwzo-khoky ee Boheeng  ¤HÃþ - ¬¡°Ê - »²§U¬ì§Þ¼Ò«¬  (HAAT Model)
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1950-nitai  1950 ¦~¥N
  ¡§Zengkerng¡¨ kantvaf teq piawsi laang ee kangzog, hiuhaam, kab kaoiok sor-zai ee tviusor
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    ±¡¹Ò¤j¦h¥uªí¥Ü¤H¤u§@¡B¥ð¶¢¡B±Ð¨|©Ò¦bªº³õ©Ò

                      ±¡¹Ò  (context)
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Hiexntai ee "zengkerng" ee hunlui  ²{¥N±¡¹Ò¤ÀÃþ
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   Sietsy / kikox (kuzu ee sietsy, kangzog ee hoankerng, kaoiok ee tviusor, terng)  ³]¬I/ ¾÷ºc¡]©~¦í³]¬I¡B¤u§@Àô¹Ò¡B±Ð¨|³õ©Òµ¥¡^


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    Siaxhoe-zengkerng (tongliaau kab goaxlaang ee gafnkofng)   ªÀ·|±¡¹Ò¡]¦P¾«¡B­¯¥Í¤Hªº²´¥úµ¥¡^


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    Bunhoax-zengkerng (siaxhoe-zugoaan, zukym kab kengzex ee khoflu, terng)


  ¤å¤Æ±¡¹Ò¡]ªÀ·|¸ê·½¡B¸êª÷¤Î¸gÀÙªº¦Ò¼{µ¥¡^
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   Budlie-zengkerng (uxnto, sipto, terng)  ª«²z±¡¹Ò¡]·Å«×¡BÀã«×µ¥¡^


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   Sietsy / kikox (kuzu ee sietsy, kangzog-hoankerng, kaoiok-tviusor, terng)    ³]¬I /¾÷ºc¡]©~¦í³]¬I¡B¤u§@Àô¹Ò¡B±Ð¨|³õ©Òµ¥¡^


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    Sietsy kab hoankerng ee piern'vi-sexng vs. tvoasexng-sietkex


    ³]¬I¤ÎÀô¹ÒÅܲ§©Ê¡ã¼u©Ê³]­p
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    Korjiin-zhekliok (nngfthea), Hwzo-khiekhu pwnsyn (gvixthea)    ­Ó¤Hµ¦²¤(³nÅé)¡B»²¨ã¥»¨­(µwÅé)


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    Siaxhoe-hoankerng (kiongtiau laang ee insox)   ªÀ·|±¡¹Ò¡]±j½Õ¤Hªº¦]¯À¡^


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    Kusi: kokkaf-zerngzheg, haam hwzo-zeato kab hwzo-khiekhu ee siongkoafn hoat'axn   ¥¨µø¡G°ê®a¬Fµ¦¡A§t¸É§U¨î«×©Î»²¨ã¬ÛÃöªk®×


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    Korngsi: kor'axn ee kuzu-hoankerng ee zengheeng   ¼sµø¡G­Ó®×©~¦íÀô¹Òª¬ªp


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    Bisi: Kor'axn bogcieen sor-zai ee hoankerng    ·Lµø¡G­Ó®×¥Ø«e©Ò¦bÀô¹Ò


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     Bunhoax-Zengkerng (itpvoaf-laang ee tegsexng, laang kab hoankerng hoxtong ee kietkor)  ¤å¤Æ±¡¹Ò¡]¤@¸s¤Hªº¯S©Ê¡B¤H©MÀô¹Ò¤¬°Êªºµ²ªG¡^


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    Zukym kab kengzex ee khoflu, siaxhoe-cichii ee zugoaan  ¸êª÷¤Î¸gÀÙªº¦Ò¼{¡BªÀ·|¤ä«ùªº¸ê·½


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   Tuix sitleeng ee khaeliam kab zusixn ee zhwteg  ¹ï¥¢¯àªºÆ[©À¤Î¸ê°Tªº¨ú±o


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Kithvaf   ¨ä¥L
    Budlie-zengkerng (unto, svia'ym, kngto)  ª«²z±¡¹Ò¡]·Å«×¡BÁn­µ¡B«G«×µ¥¡^
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Laamg  ¤H  (human)
    Sitleeng-ciar ti cit'ee hexthorng ee uxnzog-hongseg  ¥¢¯àªÌ©ó¦¹¨t²Î¤§¹B§@¤è¦¡
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    Toexsvaf-ciorng ciamzaix ee laixzai-khulek sor-ciongsu ee oaqtang  »Ý¤TºØ¼ç¦b¤§¤º¦bÅX¤O  (intrinsic enablers)  ¥H±q¨Æ¬¡°Ê
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    Kafmkag-sujip ¡÷ sixkag, thengkag   ·Pı¿é¤J (sensors)  µøı¡Bťı
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    Tiong'iofng-zhuolie ¡÷ ciapsiw, toxngzog-khorngzex, jixnty kab simlie-kongleeng  ¤¤¥¡³B²z   (central processing)  ±µ¦¬¡B°Ê§@±±¨î¡B»{ª¾©M¤ß²z¥\¯à
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    Toxngzog-tiefnhien ¡÷ toxngzog ee suzhud, paukoad kothofng, itong kab zhauzog   °Ê§@§e²{ (effectors) °Ê§@¿é¥X¡A¥]¬A¡G·¾³q¡B²¾°Ê¡B¾Þ§@
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    Oaqtang:  iuu itlienzhoaxn ee heng'uii sor-zoseeng  ¬¡°Êactivity)¡G¥Ñ¤@³s¦êªºtasks©Ò²Õ¦¨


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Sva'ee kipurn-piawhien ee lefnghek  ¤T­Ó°ò¥»ªí²{»â°ì   (performance areas)


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    Zuxgvor-ciaokox  ¦Û§Ú·ÓÅ@  (self-care)


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  Kangzog kab sengsarn-oaqtang  ¤u§@¡B¥Í²£¬¡°Ê (work / school)


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    Goxlok kab hiuhaam-oaqtang   ®T¼Ö¥ð¶¢¬¡°Ê  (leisure / play)


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    Oaqtang ee kaypiexn ¡ö¡÷ sw'iong-ciar ee seng'oah-kakseg¡@¬¡°Êªº§ïÅÜ ¹ï ¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¥Í¬¡¨¤¦â (life role)
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Laang / khoky-kaebin  ¤H/¬ì§Þ¤¶­± (Human /technology interface)
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  Gvixthea Poxhun µwÅ鳡¥÷ Hard Technology Components
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    Cirnheeng laang kab hwzo-khoky-
kafn sianghioxng-sexng ee hoxtong: khorngzex ee kaebin, sirnseg ee suzhud  ¶i¦æ¤H»P»²§U¬ì§Þ¶¡Âù¦V©Ê¤¬°Ê¡G±±¨î¤¶­±¡B°T®§¿é¥X
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    Kiexnpvoaa, iokvoaf, hiefnsi-ky
Áä½L¡B·n±ì¡BÅã¥Ü¾¹
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    Cichii zusex ee hexthorng  «º¶Õ¤ä«ù¨t²Î  (positioning devices)
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    Zhwlie-khix  ³B²z¾¹ (Processor)


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    Zhwlie kab zernghap ee zuliau, oanseeng sor-boeq cip'heeng ee jixmbu ³B²z¤Î¾ã¦X¸ê®Æ¡A§¹¦¨©Ò­n°õ¦æªº¥ô°È
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    Tiexnnao, kihaai-chiwpix   ¹q¸£¡B¾÷±ñ¤âÁu
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    Gvixthea Poxhun  µwÅ鳡¥÷ Hard Technology Components
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Oaqtang-suzhud  ¬¡°Ê¿é¥X 
         (Activity Output)
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    Thongsixn: svia'ym-habseeng, viafsiong-hiefnsi  ³q°T (communication)¡GÁn­µ¦X¦¨¡B¼v¹³Åã¥Ü
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    Zhauzog: tegsuu ee cirnsit-thngsii, iaukhoxng-khix  ¾Þ§@(manipulation)¡G¯S®í¶i­¹´ö°Í¡B»»±±¾¹
    Hengtong: lun'ie-hengcixn ee  ¦æ°Ê (mobility)¡G½ü´È¦æ¶i
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    Hoankeng Kaebin  Àô¹Ò¤¶­±   (Environment interface)
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     Ci'oarn-tioh si-thefng-karmkag terng ee kafm'exng-zok'iong  ¤ä´©µø¡BÅ¥¡B·Pıµ¥·PÀ³§@¥Î
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Nngfthea-Kisut Poxhun  ³nÅé§Þ³N³¡¥÷ Soft Technology Components
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   Laang  ¤H  (human component)
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    Piawhien-hiabzo  ªí²{¨ó§U  (performance aid)


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    Subin-cyto / kao'iok  ®Ñ­±«ü¾É/ ±Ð¨|  (written instruction)


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  Hurnlien  °V½m  (training)


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Afnnar Soafnteg Zoeahor ee Hwzo-Khoky?  ¦p¦ó¿ï¾Ü³Ì¨Î»²§U¬ì§Þ
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    Sw'iong-ciar ee lenglek, sukiuu kab kangzog  ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤§¯à¤O¡B»Ý¨D¡B¤u§@¡B¨Ï¥Î¥Øªº
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   Sw'iong-ciar ee korjiin-tegcid kab phienhvor  ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ­Ó¤H¯S½è¤Î°¾¦n
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Hoankerng ee insox  Àô¹Ò¦]¯À 
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Hwzo-khiekhu pwnsyn ee khofliong  »²¨ã¥»¨­¦Ò¶q
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C5/C6 Ciahzhoea-swnhai-ciar khofngzex chiwpo-zoafntong ee bii-tiexnnao ¯áÅè·l¶Ë¤§·L¹q¸£±±¨î¤â³¡§ì´¤°ÊºA»²¨ã
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Kor'axn  ­Ó®× C5 complete SCI 
   - 
    Kongleeng hwzo-khiekhu ¥\¯à»²¨ã
   - 
    Efng'iong-tioh hoekui-
khofngzex-goanlie, kitien-
zernghap-khoky, kab hexthorng-hoax ee sietkex laai thekioxng u kongleeng thafng khix saf jidsioong-
seng'oah-tiofng ee siong'iong budphirn, juu poe'ar, tiexn'oe, bunkhu, terng. 
   À³¥Î¦^õX±±¨î­ì²z¤Î¾÷¹q¾ã¦X¬ì§Þ¡A¨t²Î¤Æ³]­p´£¨Ñ§ì¨ú¤é±`¥Í¬¡¤¤±`¥Îª««~¤§¥\¯à  (¦pªM¤l¡B¹q¸Ü¡B¤å¨ãµ¥)
CP Toxng'zexngthaix pengheeng ee tiexntong oafnkhu-chiaf  °ÊÀRºA¥­¿Å¹q°Êª±¨ã¨®
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    Kor'axn ­Ó®×  spastic CP 
Hwzo-khiekhu »²¨ã
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Tegsuu Pay'ui-Lun'ie 
¯S®íÂ\¦ì½ü´È
   Thekioxng habseg ti zexzw ee pay'ui, 
ekzex boo-zerngsioong hoafnsia kab kibaq-tviuolat, laai iwhoad zerngsioong ee uxntong ee hoattiern  ´£¨Ñ¦X¾A§¤«ºÂ\¦ì¡B§í¨î¤£¥¿±`¤Ï®g¤Î¦Ù¦×±i¤O¡B»¤µo¥¿±`¹B°Êµo®i

Tiexntong-sengkarng-zongtix  ¹q°Ê¤É­°¸Ë¸m
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   Kor'axn: taxngto ee kicioxng
    ­Ó®×¡G­««×ªÏ»Ù
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    Hwzo-khiekhu  »²¨ã
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     Kafn'i ee khofngzex-kaebin ee niaftong-sengkarng-zongtix thafng thekioxng toglip soaf'ui ee lenglek, koq zexngkaf jidsioong-seng'oah ee toglip-sexng 
    ²©ö¾Þ±±¤¶­±¤§Åq°Êª@­°¸Ë¸m¡A´£¨Ñ¿W¥ß²¾¦ì¯à¤O¡A
¼W¥[¤é±`¥Í¬¡¿W¥ß©Ê 

Soanteg habseg-sexng ee siongkoafn insox  ¿ï¾Ü¦X¾A  ambulatory devices ¬ÛÃö¦Ò¶q¦]¤l
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    Sw'iong-ciar ee jixnty-kongleeng kab phvoartoaxn-lek ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ»{ª¾  (cognition)  ¥\¯à¡B§PÂ_¤O  (judgment)
 
    Sw'iong-ciar ee sixkag-kongleeng  ¨Ï¥ÎªÌµøı¥\¯à  (vision)
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    Sw'iong-ciar ee laixhvi-cientviaa kab siongkoafn ee pengheeng-kongleeng 
    ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ«e®x (vestibular) ¤Î¬ÛÃö¥­¿Å¥\¯à
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    Sw'iong-ciar ee tefngky-ladliong  ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤WªÏ¦Ù¤O
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    Sw'iong-ciar ee sym-hix-naixlek  ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤ßªÍ­@¤O
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    Sw'iong-ciar ciu'uii ee svi'oah-hoankerng  ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤§©P³ò¥Í¬¡Àô¹Ò
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   Kithvaf  ¨ä¥L
Kvialo ee khiekhu  ¨B¦æ¤u¨ã Ambulatory Devices
    Chiwkvoae  ¤â§ú  (canes)
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    Kvoaytiong ©ä§ú  (crutches)
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    Zoxkviaa-khix  §U¦æ¾¹ (walkers) Ambulatory Devices¡G¤â§ú  (canes)
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    Zw'iaux eng ti pengheeng ee zengcixn ar mxsi boeq zaetang ¥D­n¥Î©ó¼W¶i¥­¿Å¦Ó«D©Ó­« 


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    Bokaang ee sietkex thekioxng bokaang ee zaetang kab cychii-thengto¤£¦P³]­p´£¨Ñ¤£¦P¥i©Ó­«¤ä¼µµ{«×
    Tvoachiuo sw'iong ³æ¤â¨Ï¥Î


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    Khngx ee sofzai (tiornghofng / cidpeeng ee haky u kongleeng-sitsioong) ©ñ¸m¦ì¸m (¤¤­·/ ³æ°¼¤UªÏ¥\¯à²§±`   ¥i©Ó­«

Sek'hap uxsii sw'iong  ¾A¦X°¸¦Ó¨Ï¥Î
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    Thafng eng ti kvialo oe-thviax ee hoaxnciar  ¥i¥Î©ó¦æ¨«¯kµhªº±wªÌ
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Poxheeng ee kangkhu  Ambulatory Devices¡G
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   Chiwkvoae  ¤â§ú  (canes)
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   -   Siekag-koae ¥|¨¤©ä   (quad cane) 
    Zexngkaf thafng-zaetang ee bixnzeg kab taxngliong  ¼W¥[¥i©Ó­«­±¿n¡B¥i©Ó­«µ{«×
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    Kiernggi boeq sw'iong ee sii, tioh siekhaf lorng tuo-toe  ¨Ï¥Î®É«Øij¥|¸}§¡µÛ¦a
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    Na sw'iong-ciar ee kvialo-sokto cviakirn tiesuo-kaux boexthafng oanzoaan tuo-toe iafsi boo-su'iaux cviatoa zaetang ee kongleeng ee sii, kienggi sw'iong khaq-cior ee cichiofng-binzeg ee kvoay'ar.  ­Y¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦æ¨«³t«×§Ö¥H­P©óµLªk§¹¥þµÛ¦a©Î¤£»Ý¤jµ{«×©Ó­«¥\¯à  «Øij¨Ï¥Î¸û¤p¤ä¼µ­±¿n¤§Ï^§ú
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Pvoarheeng ee zoxkviaa-khix 


      Hemi-walker
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Oe zexngkaf zaetang ee bixnzeg kab zaetang-thengto  ¼W¥[¥i©Ó
­«­±¿n¡B¥i©Ó­«µ{«×
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    Sek'hap ti kvialo iao tioh tvoachiuo huu-tang ee hoaxnciar  ¾A¦X¦æ¨«®É»Ý¥H³æ¤â«ùÄò©Ó­«±wªÌ
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    Sw'iong ee sii, kiernggi siekhaf lorng tuo-toe.  ¨Ï¥Î®É«Øij¥|¸}§¡µÛ¦a
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Zoxkviaa-khiekhu   Ambulatory Devices ¡G Kvoaytiong ©ä§ú (crutches)
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   Oexthafng oanzoaan zaetang ¥i§¹¥þ©Ó­«
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   U khaq-hor ee hvoaai-honghioxng ee wnteng-sexng
 ¦³¸û¦n¤§ lateral stability
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Koeh'e-ha-kvoae  µÅ¤U©ä (axiallary crutches)
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    Ho ciaxmsii sorngsid kvialo-kongleeng ee laang  ±`¥Î¦æ¨«¥\¯à¼È®É³à¥¢ªÌ
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    Tioq'aix u kaogiah ee tefngky ee kongleeng »Ý¦³¨¬°÷Âù¤WªÏ¥\¯à
Cienpix-kvoae «eÁu©ä  (forearm crutches)
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    Siong'iong ti tioh-eng siangchiuo ee lat laai saetang ee laang  ±`¥Î©ó»Ý§Q¥ÎÂù¤W¤§°¸¦Ó©Ó­«ªÌ
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    Khaq-iong'i pehkhie-pehloh lauthuy  ¸û©ö¤W¤U¼Ó±è


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    Sek'hap ti oaqtag-liong khaq-toa ee hoaxnciar  ¾A¦X¬¡°Ê«×°ª±wªÌ
Zoxkviaa-khix   Ambulatory Devices¡G§U¦æ¾¹ (walkers)


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    Thekioxng zoeatoa ee zaetang-bixnzeg kab hvoaai-honghioxng ee wnteng-sexng ´£¨Ñ³Ì¤j©Ó­«­±¿n  lateral stability


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    Kitong-sexng khaq-zhaf  ¾÷°Ê©Ê¸û®t


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    Tefngky khoat'hoad zerngsioong-paytong ee kihoe  ¤WªÏ¯Ê¥F normal swing ¾÷·|


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     Ti teq kvialo ee sii, khofleeng zoxseeng boo-zerngsiooong ee kvialo-zusex  ©ó¦æ¨«®É¥i¯à³y¦¨¤£¥¿±`¦æ¨««º¶Õ  (back flexion)


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Itpvoaf-heeng  ¤@¯ë«¬  walker (µL½ü¤l)
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    Sw'iong ee sii, siekhaf tioh oanzoaan tuo-toe
¨Ï¥Î®É¥|¸}»Ý§¹¥þµÛ¦a
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    Thekioxng khaq-hor ee wntemg-to  ´£¨Ñ¸û¦n


í©w«×  (stability)
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Nngxliern-heeng  ¤G½ü«¬  walker
     (front-wheeled walker)
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    Sw'iong ee sii, khaq-thafng uichii zerngsioong
 ee poxhoat  ¨Ï¥Î®É¸û¥iºû«ùnormal gait pattern
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    Wnteng-sexng pie itpvoaf-heeng ee khaq-zhaf  í©w«×¸û¤@¯ë«¬  walker®t


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Sieliern-Heeng  ¥|½ü«¬ walker 
                 (four-wheeled walker)
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    Sw'iong ti zu'iaux cychii khaq-toa bixnzeg khiog boo-su'iaux toa ee zaetang-lat ¨Ï¥Î©ó»Ý¤j­±¿n¤ä¼µ
¦ý¤£»Ý¤j´T©Ó­«ªÌ
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    Sek'hap ti khaq-u oaqtang-sexng ee hoaxnciar 


¾A¦Xhigher functioning patients
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    Tioh phoeahap-sw'iong chiwtoxng-chiaf ee zongtix kab zex'ie, tefngterng.  °t¦X¨Ï¥Î¤â·Ù¨®¸Ë¸m¡B®y´Èµ¥
    Wheelchair (manual/ powered) 
Tegsuu lun'ie ee sw'iong-zengheeng 
  ¯S®í½ü´È¨Ï¥Î±¡§Î
Tioh uxlaang hiabzo ee kangkhu 
Devices to assist with someone's help
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    Pvoasoar  Transfer
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    Soea-sengkhw kab cviu-piexnsor


Bathing and toileting  ²¾¦ì±a
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Soaf'ui-ky  ²¾¦ì¾÷

Khuyto-seg ee soaf'ui-ky ­y¹D¦¡²¾¦ì¾÷
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Hwzo-khiekhu ee zugoaan-hunpox  »²¨ã¸ê·½¤À¥¬

       Assistive Devices to Enhance mobility and activities



 
 


»²§U¬ì§Þ·§½×
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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