A Discourse on Taiwanese Written Language <in TMSS>
Liim  Keahioong  Zoanlaan
Larn ee Bofguo kab Kokguo
21-Seakie  ee  Kokbiin  Gwbuun-Kaoiok
                                                         1999/10/21  ti  Tionghoaa Isu Zoankhøf Hag'vi
zoarn-khix --> Mixed-Taiwanese [ MLT ] Prospects-0 EDUTECH-T
[Soarn] * Bunbeeng-Kokkaf ee Gwgieen
       * Taioaan-Laang Ciongcieen ee Tegsuu Bunji-Hoankerng
             A. Bunsw-Gwgieen      B.Khaw'ym-Taiguo ee Hoattiern
         C. Harnji Khwguo-Buun ee Siafzog      D. Lomafji Taiguo-buun
          E. Hiexntai-Bunsw-Hoad    F. Horngkhie Taiguo-Buun ee Nitai
       * 21-Seakie ee Kokbiin Gwbuun Kaoiok
       * Kietlun

Bunbeeng-Kokkaf ee Gwgieen
                         =
¢{
¢z Khaw'ym-Gwgieen
¢x 
¢x 
¢x 
¢| Bunsw-Gwgieen		 ¢z Zuxjieen ee Bofguo   ¢{
¢t Sva'øh zøx Hiongguo ¢u 
¢| Piauzurn-Khaw'ym.  ¢}

¢z . Hagsip Bunji ¡@  ¡   ¢{
¢t . Kie'eg Bunkux¡@      ¢u
¢| . Kongjim ee Bunthea ¢}

 ¢{
eng Gw'ym piawtat Zengkarm
 
 

eng Bunji Thoantad Iesux

Tailaam-Liofngkorng Hoexkoarn  .
 Tailaam Khuiløo Su'vi
      Tailaam Kofng-Hag'vi


Taioaan-Laang Ciongcieen ee Tegsuu Bunji-Hoankerng    (¡ã1900)

A.  Bunsw-Gwgieen:¡@
         Koafnlie bunji ee kaoiok-kikoafn bøo zunzai¡@
¡@¡@¡@¡@Cviarthorng ee bunji-kaoiok oarkhox binkafn ee su'vi, su'oh, kabkarøh-siefn
¡@¡@¡@¡@Kaozaai (zoaan-harnbuun)¡@ Samji-Kefng, Texzuo-Kuy, Chienji-Buun
                                                                       ~Suosw-Gvofkefng
 

 Samji-Kefng
Jiin  cy  zhof     Sexng purn sien
Sexng siong kin¡@Sip siong oarn
Kor putkaux¡@Sexng nae chiefn
Kaux  cy  tø¡@Kuix  ie  zoafn
.. . . . . . . ..		 Texzuo-Kuy
Texzuo kuy¡@Serngjiin huxn
Siuo haote     Zhuo kinsixn
Hoaan aix cioxng     Jii chyn jiin
Iuo ulek¡     Zeg  hak  buun
. . . . . . . . . 		 Chienji-Buun
Thifnte hienhoong¡@Wtiu  honghofng
Jidgoat  engzeg       Sinsiog   liedtioxng
Haan laai suo orng  Chiw siw toong zoong
Jun uu  seeng soex     Lut lu  tiaw ioong
. . . . . . . . . . .

¡@*¡@Itpvoaf bincioxng (bøo-siuxkøex cviarthorng Harnji-kaoiok ee laang)
                                    iuu langmiaa, tøexmiaa, ciaupaai, kofngkøx tefngterng laai bad Harnjir
¡@¡@¡@¢w¡÷ Binkafn-zabkix (juu, koaphor, kofngkor-siefn ee pitkix, kafnpien ee bunsw)Ñ)
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@Sidle:Ò: "Khrngkae Aphiexn" (1933, Khor Kimphøf)

  Cit'koaf bøeq khngx zexng-hviati¡@¡@Uxeeng laai thviaf liam koasy
  Kvialiao gaixtiøh lirn ee hvi        Thviabai liedui bøo-siuxkhix
  Laixtiofng mxsi korng padhang¡@¡@Ciuxsi thausefng korng hitkhafng
  Kofngkhie aphiexn toa-togthaang¡@¡@Mxthafng laai øh hit'hø laang
   . . . . . . .
¡@
B.  Khaw'ym-Taiguo ee Hoattiern
         Chiau'oad Harnji ee haxnzex, laai zuxiuu hoattiern
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@
    ¡@1. Tioxngsi imkarm  ¡÷  iuu svia'ym laai hoatzhud kafmkag, juu:
¡@¡@¡@¡@           ¡@teng-khokkhog, teng-khauqkhauh, teng-khiauhkhiauq,
                                      teng-khvoaekhvoaix, teng-phvarphvax
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@           aang-korngkoxng, aang-pharphax, aang-kiekix, aang-zusw, aang-kuykuie
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@
¡@¡@2. Tioxnghok-gwhoad, juu:
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@           aang, ang'aang, aarng'ang'aang     khor, khofkhor, khof'khofkhor
      ¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@           ¡@¡@ kofzuy, kofzui'kofzuy
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@
¡@¡@ 3. Zengkarm oexbøea - "ar"
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@         suie, suysuie, suie'suysuie, suysuie'ar-suie         kofzuy, kofzui'ar-kofzuy
¡@¡@¡@¡@             kirn + kviaa ¡÷  kynkviaa, kynkirn-kviaa, kynkyn'ar-kviaa, kviaa-kynkirn
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@
¡@¡@4. Koanliam ee kie'eg kab thuikorng, lixiong liam-koasy ee honghoad
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡÷ lygan, kehgieen, siogguo, bin'iaau, zengkoaf, tong'iaau ......
¡@
C.  Harnji Khawguo-buun ee Chiesiar (1890¡ã1940)
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@
¡@  Harnji-thog'ym¢w¢w¢s¢wHarn'ym (bungieen-ym, thagzheq-ym, jixym)
  ¡@       ¡@                       ¢x                ¢w¡÷  eng laai thak kofsw, harnguo-kux, sudguo
  ¡@       ¡@                       ¢x
¡@¡@¡@        ¡@¡@              ¢|¢w itpvoaf-laang sor-iokteng ee Oexym (khawguo-ym, peqoe-ym))
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@
   Kietkør :     Cidji Harnji u nngxee-ysiong ee thaghoad
               Taiguo ee Harnji khawguo-buun, laang øextaxng siar, khiog padlaang bøexhiao thak
¡@ Tngsii ee kaythoad-hongliok :  Kantvaf siar sy-suu, hornkhix khawguo ee siafzog
¡@                  ¡÷  Ti Taioaan. siogguo, lygan, koa'iaau terng, tegpiet hoattat
¡@
D. Lømafji  Peqoe-buun
           (~ 1935)     Kaohoe-lømafji ee serngkefng-serngsy
                 Taioaan-laang zhozhux khvoartiøh "cincviax ee"khawguo-buun
¡@
E. Hiexntai-Bunsw-Hoad (1943 ~ hiexnzai)
   ¡@¡@(1)  Khatteng Taiguo-gwsuu ee Hiexntai-Pengji ¡÷ piauzurn ee Imji.
                                             thoatzhud piefn-siar piefn-ho'ym ee khofnao
   ¡@¡@(2)  Ym-Haxn Hunhap-heeng Bunsw ¡÷ thafng thak Harn-ym
                          iafsi kixnsu Harn-ym ee gwsuu  ¡÷ siar Harnji
                          Bøo-sek'hap thak Harn'ym ee gwsuu ¡÷ siar Imji
   ¡@¡@(3)  Zoaan-Imji-Heng Bunsw
                          Iuojii-thogpurn (2~6-høex),
                          goaxkog-laang hagsip Taiguo ee khørpurn
¡@
E. Horngkhix Taiguo-buun ee Nitai¡@¡@¡@¡@
   ¡@¡@(1)¡@Zhuix korng Taiguo, buncviw siar Harnbuun iafsi Kvoa'oe  (1880¡ã1930)
   ¡@¡@(2)¡@Zhuix korng Taiguo, buncviw siar Jidbuun  . . . .  . . . .  . . . (1930¡ã1945)
   ¡@¡@(3)¡@Zhuix korng Taiguo, buncviw siar Tiongbuun . .  . . . .  . .   (1945¡ã1960)
   ¡@¡@(4)¡@Zhuix korng Hoaguo, buncviw siar Tiongbuun .  . . . .  . . . .(1945¡ã1960)


Taiguo-Buun ee Bixlaai

  Gwbuun-Kaoiok ee Thengsuu
 

<nileeng>   2     ¡@ 3   ¡@  4     ¡@ 5    ¡@ 6        7    ¡@ 8         9        10        11      12    ¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢r 
<sor-øh gwgieen>  Borguo     Hiongguo          Thong'iong-guo  Kokguo      Goaxguo
<sor-øh bunji> ABC-jixbuo, pengji  Bofguo- Ym-Haxn       Harnbuun 
                                                    buun      huxnhap-buun                   Goaxbuun
<sor-khvoax Tosw>    Jitoong tosw    Ektix suzek   Kongbiin suzek    Zoangiap suzek
        ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w
<gwbuun-hengseg>     Zengkarm-sexng            Suxbu-sexng     Zoangiap-sexng
                                                Hiongthor-sexng 
   ¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w 
<Harngji ee jixsox> 0        3 ~ 4 (sviemiaa)               ~1000      ~ 1500          ~ 2000

21-Seakie ee Kokbiin Gwbuun-Kaoiok

¡@ Iuotixhngg-ycieen, ti zhux+nih øh Latefng-jixbuo kab sorji
     ¡@

Taiguo Jixbuo-Su

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I

 J  K  L  M  N  O  O  P  Q

R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h   i

j   k   l   m   n   o  ø  p   q

r   s   t   u   v   w   x   y   z

 ABCD  ee  Koaf
 ¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@Liim Keahioong Zokkheg (1986)
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@
 " Taixkef Laai Oh Sorbak"  (1986-nii  Liim Keahioong Phiefn )

         Kaoiok-Hauxexng:Taioaan-laang, ti tiofngtoa-y'au, itsefng mxkviaf Goaxbuun kab sorhak¡

¡@Cirnjip siøfhak (6-høex) ycieen, jixmseg Taiguo pengji-suu kab pengji khawguo-buun

        Kaoiok-Hauxexng: øe iuu-karn-jii-hoaan hagsip iedthok jitoong-tosw.
 

 Taioaan-oe, Jitoong Tosw
 The Ladder of Life

    Huotaix ee Kaoiok-Hauxexng:
  øexhiao zhauzog baxngzex-baxnglo (Internet)
  øexhiao kaki liexnsip laai chviux goaxkog koa'iaau, khvoax siongphiaw, ciaupaai, siongphirn-miaa
  øe khvoax-bad Harnji-terng ee pengji-zuo'ym laai øh Harnbuun
  øexhiao kaki poe tong'iaau, siogguo
 

                                   Løh Toaxho 
Løh toaxho, thaux toaxhofng,   Othvy armtoe, taan luikofng,
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@                 Mngcieen zekzuie, uxlo kviaa-bøexthofng,
          Køe'ar, ah'ar, kviaf luikofng,  Biq ti gimcvii-khaf,
                                                           Khia-gaq goorng'goxnggong.
Ah'nng khaq-bat ma u phang.
Bofng la'ar kiafm søea khox.
Ciah-kirn lorngphoax voar.
Chvimii-guu, toa-bagkaxng.
Eng laang ee kunthaubuo zefng 		 Guu-phvi tngxtiøh zhadchiuo.
Holiw zngx pien-khafng
Iwkofng bøsviuo, phahphoax tiøh poee.
Jidthaau chiaq-viaxvia, suilaang  kox sviemia.
Kefsie lalie, tngf kawhia.
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@
   Cirnjip siøfhak (6-høex) y'au. ciaq ciapsiu cviarthorng ee kokbuun-kaoiok.

         Kokguo = Taioaan kok'zogkuun ee kokteng-gwgieen¡@
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@

Tiaukvia:  1. Piauzurn ee gw'ym ... kongjim ee jixtiern
              2.  Piauzurn ee bunsw-siafhoad
                                   ....... ykefng khaklip ee bunji, bunkux

                    . . . . . .    Kokzok ee gwgieen
                                                                      ¢x
                      . . . . .                . .          ¢z¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢{
  . . . . . . . . . . . . Khawguo (koktoe ee hiongguo) [khawguo-buun]    Kokbuun (kong'iong bunsw)

                        (zogkuun)  (kong'iong bunsw [kokbuun])      (kokbuun ee thog'ym)
                        ¢zBanlaam....Harnbuun ....eng Taiguo Harn'ym thagzhud
Taioaan-laang  ¢qKhehkaf ....Harnbuun ....eng Khehkaf Harn'ym thagzhud
                        ¢u Sinlaai .....Harnbuun ....eng Pakkviaf-ym thagzhud
                        ¢| Goanzu.... Ym-Haxn .... Harmji eng Jidguo-ym thagzhud 
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@
 Banlaam-zok ee Khawguo-buun...... Ym-Haxn Huxnhap-thea
                                               ¢x
                        ¢z¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢{
    Imji poxhun (zu iuotixhngg-khie sor-nad ee)   Harnji poxhun (zu siøfhak-khie sor-øh ee)
                                                                                  ¢x
                                                                ¢z¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢r¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢{
                                              Peqoe-ym ee Harnji                  Bungieen-ym ee Harnji
¡@¡@¡@¡@
 

   Kaoiok-Hauxexng:
            Ieseg-tiofng, thafng hwn-zhengzhor "Kokbuun-thea" kab "Peqoexbuun-thea"
¡@¡@¡@ Bøexhiao siar, iafsi limsii sviu-bøexkhie ee Harnji, thafng sui'ix kvar siar "Imji".
 

  Tiøqgarn-tiøh kokkaf-siaxhoe ee efngsiok,
                                                mxthafng kirmcie bøfguo.
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@
  Jinsexng ..... a.  Kafmsexng ee sym [siexnkarm]
                                                    høhaai, siexnlioong, habkuun, zuxzex
                                                                    Seng'oah-siong ee HEXNGHOG
                                  b.  Tiesexng ee sym [zhongbeeng]
                                                    hagbuun, tieseg, kige,   chiw'oarn
                                                                     Suxgiap-siong ee SENGKOFNG

         Tiesexng ee sym¡ö¢w  haghau ee bunsw-kaoiok  (6-høex y'au)
           Kafmsexng ee sym¡ö  bofguo sor hengseeng ee nawlai ee
                                                                zengkarm-baxnglo  (6-høex ycieen)

Kietlun
         Ti Koklai ee Syn-Sitai ee Taiguo-buun
                     1.  Zengkarm-sexng gwbuun  . . .  Ym-Haxn Huxnhap-buun
                     2.  Suxbu-sexng  gwbuun  . . . . .   Harnji  Kokbuun
         Zoaan-Pengji Hiexntai-buun
                                   ( Bøhaam Harnji ee Taioaan-oe Khawguo-buun )
        Ioxngtoo:
                    (1) Bøeq ho mxbad Harnji ee thogciar
            paukoad:
                      koklai ee hagzeeng-jitoong, ti kokgoa sengtiorng ee laang, ykip goaxkog-laang

                    (2) Uixtiøh bøeq kiuu hongpien, sidiong kab khoaesog
                               Bøextaxng sw'iong Harnji laai siar buncviw ee laang, juu:
                                     Eng Engbuun-tvafji-ky kab tiexnnao teq zokgiap ee laang, chinchviu
                                          kangsiofng-kaix ee giabbu-jin'oaan ykip sokkix-tvafji-oaan
                          Ui kokzex-thongsixn, tiøh sw'iong tiexnzuo-thongsixn-muithea (E-mail)
                                                  laai hoatsaxng bunsw ee laang.

                    (3) Tegpiet tioxngsi Taiguo-hoat'ym ee sviemia-lek ee laang, juu
                                           Imgak-kaf, hiexntai-sijiin, jitoong-tosw ee zokciar

                    (4) Phiensiar khøky-luxnbuun ee laang
                        Kuijit teq kab Latefng-guo ee sudguo zorphvoa ee  khohak-kaf, juu
                                 hoarhak-kaf, toxngbut-sidbut-hagkaf, ihak-ioqhak ee giefnkiux-oaan
                                                 terng.
    Auxbin ee oe:
          Taioaan-oe ee khawguo-buun, mxhor eng impiaw-kieho laai phiensiar.
          Engbuun  sw'iong Engbuun-Pengji-Suu ar bøe eng Kokzex-impiaw iafsi KK-impiaw
               laai siar;
          Hoabuun sw'iong Harnji-suu ar bøe sw'iong Kokguo-impiaw laai siar.
               Kaxngkhoarn Taiguo-khawguo-buun sw'iong Hiexntai pengji-suu ar bøextaxng
               sw'iong jixmhøo ee impiaw, paukoad Kaohoe Lomafji laai siar.

Larn ee Bofguo kab Kokguo, 21-Seakie ee Kokbiin-Gwbuun-Kaoiok
                              1999-nii 10-goeh 21-jit ti  Tionghoaa Isu Zoankhøf Hag'vi  karng