| 林繼雄 專講 |
| 台語
ee 聲調與例文
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◎ 下面
ciah'ee 拼字, 表出 台語 ee 基調音,
是 普通 teq 出聲 時 ee 聲音。
| a
e i o o u
ai au ia io iu iau oa oe ui am an ang eng ong oan im in iam iang ien iong m ng |
◎Na ti文中看著kab ciah'ee bokang ee母音拼字,就知影是其他ee 聲調。
(高調音(Koantiaux'ym)
◎ y(←i),
w(←u) kab附加著~f ee拼法,是boeq提高聲音ee聲調, 叫做高調音
Ciah'ee 是 :
| af
ef y of of w
ay aw iaf iof iw iaw oaf oef uy afm afn afng efng ofng oafn ym yn iafm iafng iefn iofng mf ngf |
(迴旋音(Hoesoan'ym)
◎ 台語中,有彎曲ee聲調,thafng由重複ee母音字laai感受,
zef 就是迴旋音。
| aa
ee ii oo oo uu
aai aau iaa ioo iuu iaau oaa oea uii aam aan aang eeng oong oaan iim iin iaam iaang ieen ioong mm ngg |
(下突音(Extuq'ym)
◎拼字中,有∼x
ee,ho你壓低聲音,這是下突音。
| ax
ex ix ox ox ux
aix aux iax iox iux iaux oax oex uix axm axn axng exng oxng oaxn ixm ixn iaxm iaxng iexn ioxng mx ngx |
(上突音(Tefngtuq'ym)◎用力
推出去ee
◎聲音,ti歐美語言中時常oe遇著。叫hef是上突音。
| ar
ea ie or or uo
ae ao iar ior iuo iao oar oea uie arm arn arng erng orng oarn irm irn iarm iarng iern iorng mr ngr |
○ Ciah'ee 拼字,對應下面ee教會羅馬字音標:
| [a/]
[e/] [i/]
[o/] [o/]
[u/]
[a/i] [a/u] [ia/] [io/] [iu/] [ia/u] [oa/] [oe/] [uie/] [a/m] [a/n] [a/ng] [e/ng] [o/ng] [oa/n] [i/m]
[i/n] [ia/m]
[ia/ng] [ie/n] [io/ng]
|
◎ 發出
下突音 ee 時陣, 將氣息稍停,就成為一種「促音」,叫做
(低促音。
Kab
zef相對,發上突音時,將氣息稍停,就成為另一種促音,叫做
(高促音。如：
| 下突音 ax
→ 低促音 aq
上突音 ar
→ 高促音 ah
下突音 oax → 低促音 oaq 上突音 oar → 高促音 oah. |
◎(低促音
ee拼字q
為:
| aq
eq iq oq oq uq
aiq auq iaq ioq iuq iauq oaq oeq uiq ab ad ag eg og oad ib id iab iag ied iog mq ngq |
◎(
而高促音ee拼字為~h:
| ah
eh ih oh oh uh
aih auh iah ioh iuh iauh oah oeh uih ap at ak ek ok oat ip it iap iak iet iok mh ngh |
| 漢 字
音
┌───────┴───────┐ 平聲(軟聲) 仄聲(強聲) ┌───┴───┐ ┌───┴───┐ 平順聲 彎曲聲 突擊聲 頓促聲 ┌─┴─┐ ┌─┴─┐ ┌─┴─┐ ┌─┴─┐ 基調音 高調音 迴旋音 (迴升音) 下突音 上突音 低促音 高促音 (例) oa oaf oaa oaar oax oar oaq oah |
| (平 柔 聲
音) (用 力 聲 音) (頓 促 聲 音)
高調音 ───────────── oaf . . 上突音 oar .高促音 oah 基調音─────────────── oa 迴旋音 ───────────── oaa . . 下突音 oax 低促音 oaq |
(高低)
( 高 ) ( 中 ) ( 低 ) |
註：「聲ee高低」所指ee是使用樂器所能定出ee音階高低。Ti樂譜上,
eng (1)do,(2)re,(3)mi,(4)fa,(5)so,(6)la,(7)ti,分別 唱出來
ee,就是cit'ee聲音高低。
另外
一套 分辨標準是「聲 ee 強弱」。 依此分類,則
| 強弱變化
台語聲調
保持 同強度 |─→| 基調, 高調, 迴旋 由強 掉 為弱 |‾↘ | 上突, 下突 由強 而 消失 |‾＼ | 高促, 低促 |
| (1) 基調音
kab 用 ~f
ee 高調音 (2)
用
-y ee 高調音(3)
用-w
ee 高調音
(4) 用aa, ii, uu ee 迴旋音(5) 用ee, oo, oo ee 迴旋音(6) 用mm, ngg ee 迴旋音(7) 用~x ee 下突音 (8) 用 ~r ee 上突音 (9) 其他拼法 ee 上突音. |
| (Zef
si Guchiaf
( Zef si guchiaf. Hef si befchiaf. Zef si kongchiaf. Hef si hoefchiaf. ( Zef si sikoef. Hef si tangkoef.�� Hef si symmih? Hef si kimkoef. Zef si lanhoef. Hef si tehoef. Zef si enghoef. Hef si boftafn. ( Zef si tepoef. Si papaf ee tepoef. Hef si symmih? Hef si mamaf ee te'aw. ( Ciaf si Taitiofng. Hiaf si Taitafng. Ciaf si Taisef. Hiaf si Pintofng. ( Zef si symmih? Zef si siofmoe ee sinsvaf. Hef si siofti ee svaf. Siofti ee svaf, o'of. ( Ciaf u symmih? Ciaf u cinzoe hoefkimkof. Hiaf u symmih? Hiaf ia u cinzoe hoefkimkof. |
| (
Lym Kapy
( Zef si papaf ee kapy. Papaf lym kapy. Siofmoe lym byny (bylefng). Siofti lym guny(gulefng). ( A'Kiaw, cyn-kofzuy. Yi ma cyn-oe sainay. Yi ee hviakof si suky. Y si kongchiaf ee suky. ( Zef si a'Efng ee iency. Yi u cinzoe iency. A'Efng ee papaf u bykym. A'Efng ee mamaf u kimkym ee ngkym. ( Tafui u pengky? Siofti-hiaf u pengky. Polepoef he pengky, y ciu lerng-kiky. Ciaf u zhengpefng zhafm gulefng. Khaq-tvy ee, si gulefng iafsi pengky? ( Tiafmsym ti tafui? Hef ti mamaf-hiaf. Tiafmsym u symmih? U angtau-thngf ma u angtau-pefng. ( Ciaqpng-kefng u tang'of, bykof kab iensuy. Hiaf ma u hepy kab hoeky. ( Svoalai u say kab svoaty. Haypvy-hiaf u soatuy. Chimsvoaf-lai ee ty si svoaty. Kuituy ee soaf si soatuy. |
| (
Cidciaq kimkw
( Ciaf u cidciaq kimkw. Si zhvef ee kimkw. Hiaf u kuyciaq kimkw? Hiaf u kawciaq kimkw. ( Hef si cidciaq kw. Si haykw, si ti haylai ee haykw. Haypvy karm'u kawhia kab titw? ( Hiaf u kuyciaq niaw? U kawciaq niaw. Kitiofng u svaciaq, si of ee niaw. Hef si a'Kiaw yn-taw ee niaw. ( Zhwn-ha-chiw-tofng. Kaciw na si zhunthvy, Lamhuy si chiuthvy. Zhunthvy, joaqthvy, chiuthvy kab kvoathvy. Afnny Aciw si symmih'thvy? Ma si zhunthvy. ( Hongthay-thvy, hofng cviatoa. Thvykngf ee sii, thvy o'of. Hofthvy, phvaythvy, sva'kauvoa. Symmih si longhw kytioh thvy teq kithai? .. Si ho. ( A'Li yn-taw ee lauthuy-khaf-hiaf, u cidkefng pangkefng.Hiaf u cviakngf ee mngthafng, kab cidee toa ee sizefng. A'Li ee siensvy kab yn-cyhw, ti ciaf kofng'oe, ti ciaf suhhwn. Ti cit'ee pangkefng-lai, yn u cviazoe thafng hoailiam ee su. |
| (
Taioaan-Laang
( Chiuhaa si Taioaan-laang, a'Buun ia si Taioaan-laang. Yn tuy Taioaan laai. Yn ee akofng kab papaf ti Taioaan. ( Yn-taw ti tofui? . Chiuhaa yn-taw ti Tailaam. . Si Taioaan ee Tailaam. A'Buun yn-taw ti Gilaan. . A'Giim yn-taw ti Zofviaa iafsi Kohioong? ( Tailaam, Gilaan, Zofviaakab Kohioong lorng ti Taioaan. Chiuhaa, a'Buun, a'Giim kab a'Thoo lorng si Taioaan-laang. ( Kinnii si 2009-nii. Menii si 2010-nii. A'Giimboeq ti 2010-nii khix Kaciw. Tangsii Chiuhaa boeq tngflaai Taioaan? Yi boeq ti menii ee sinnii tngflaai ciaf. Sinnii-y'au. yi ciu ti Taioaan. ( Hit'ee puipuii, koankoaan, koq bin vivii ee laang si sviaflaang? Y si a'Kiaw ee hviakof. Y laai ciaf boeq i-khakiuu.�� Y kantvaf boeq i-khakiuu, y m i-nakiuu. ( A'Kiaw ia laai ciaf laq. Yi zheng aang ee svaf kab of ee kuun. Yi u haa uikuun, .si zuy'aang ee uikuun. ( Zuytii-lai u cvviazoe hii, si kimhii kab lyhii. Longtviu- hitpeeng u guu kab viuu. ( Hii boe kviaa, guu kab viuu oe kviaa. Oe-kviaa koq oe-poef ee thaang si symmih? Hef si hosiin. |
| (
Cidtviw
Too
( Hiaf, koankoaan ee sofzai, u cidtviw too. �� Hittiw si symmih'too? Si cidciaq lionghee ee too. Hitciaq lionghee chinchviu Hayleeng-Oong, ciu'uii u cinzoe hii, hee kab kw. ( Hayleeng-Oong si zuylai ee oong. Y khia ti Liongkiofng, teq thofngti hayviuu. Laang korng, liongkiofng ti Taioaan ee Phv'oo. Phvi'oo si tofsu, ti Taioaan ee saipeeng. ( Zuykaw u zhanlee, hnglai u loxlee, zhawpof u suyguu, ochiw ia ti hiaf. ( Hitzaang si symmih? Hitzaang si viuthoo. Hiaf ma u Phutoo. Phutoo svy kuikoo. ( Sviaflaang laai? Chintoong laai. Cympoo, mfpoo tangzoee laai. Laai, laai, laai. Laai ciaf ze. Boeq lym angtee iafsi olioong-tee? Yn m limtee, boeq uiloo. Zwnpi angciim, zhawhee kab zulekee. ( Kafmboo kiamhii kab afmmoee? Na boo, u mi ma khaq-viaa boo. |
| (
Hoehngg-lai
( Hoehngg-lai u cviazoe hoef teq khuy. Chiu u hoe'mm. Kiarm ykefng si zhunthvy?�� Hoe'mm na khuy, hiaf ciu kohboeq u hoef. Hef si enghoef ee hoe'mm. ( A'Thoo laai hoehngg, yi kab yn-mamaf laai. Yn khia ti hoehngg-mngg-hiaf. Bibii ee zhunhofng teq zhoef yn ee thaumngg. Zafkhysii ee jidkngf, ho yn ee viar tngtngg. ( Hoehngg u cinzoe hoef. Ngg ee hoef u bidthngg ee phangbi. Aang ee hoef kvafnar a'Thoo ee angsvaf, ti chvichvy ee zhawpof ee tiong'ngf. ( Lipaf-goa u hanzuu-hngg. Ti hiaf, khiukhiuu ee, .si hanzuu-tiin. Lipaf-lai si zafkhysii ee hoehngg, si a'Thoo yn-taw ee au-hoehngg. |
| (
Hoxsvoax
( A'Siux ee hoxsvoax si kofzuy ee hoxsvoax. A'Kexng ee hoxsvoax si of koq phoax ee hoxsvoax. Goaxbin si hoxthvy, yn ciu giah hoxsvoax. Afnny zhutmngg, sengkhw ciaq boe taam. ( A'Kexng zheng hoxmoaf, a'Siux zheng hoxy. Yi ia toax chiwthox, in'ui goaxbin cviakvoaa. Kafm'zay, a'Kexng si a'Siux ee moexsaix? Y ti chixgoa teq zexng kamciax kab zhvezhaix. ( A'Siux boeq khix pan taixcix. Yi ti chixlai teq sioxngpafn. Yi si cidee lauxsw, teq kax Engbuun kab lyhoax. Hoxthvy yi ma boeq khix kax yi ee hagsefng. ( Expof haxpafn-au, yi ciu khix zhixtviuu boefzhaix. Hiaf u mixsvoax, kwzhaix, tauxzhaix kab hoezhaix. Kiarm u kithvaf sinsiefn ee zhvezhaix? Auxbin hitpeeng u lefngtoxng ee kolezhaix. ( Swnkvoaf, kiamzhaix, kinciof, kab onglaai. Mixpaw, tauxkvoaf, hi'oaan, kab ienchieen. U hii, moaa, kampoex, tauxcviux thafng kunthngf. Bah'iuu, thotau-iuu, moa'iuu boeq zhafzhaix. ( Hoxthvy, toaxho loh-boextheeng. A'Siux zhwn thaau khvoax goaxbin. Ho+aq, ho+aq, nar loh-lorng-boextheeng. Chiwlai ee toaxpaw zhvezhaix si boeq afnnar kvoa? |
| (
Porzoar-siong ee Korsu
( Papaf teq khvoax kin'afjit ee porzoar. Y kiox goarn laai ciaf ze, y boeq korng korsu. Porzoar u siar Taaioaan-laang phaq hor ee korsu. ( Y korng: "Tngf Jidpurn ciarmlerng Taioaan ee sii, azor tviaxtvia khix phaq hor. Y korng boeq khix phaq hor, kisit si khix zhoe Jidpurn-laang porsiuu. Jidpurn-laang ti armsii laai zng+nih, thauthau'ar ka larn ee zngbiin armsngx. ( "Lirn ee azor, laang cin'iorng koq u zernggi-karm. Y armsii zhutmngg, zafkhysii ciaq tngr+laai. Uxsii y oe tioqsiofng, ma boo korng si afnzvoar. Suijieen guxtioh guihiarm, y ma chiorchiox korng, phaq hor cviaa-hofsngr. ( "Y u cidee zabor-kviar, si lirn ee amar. Amar svy papaf, her ciuxsi goar. Azor cinthviax lirn-amar, mxkafm ho yi ciaqkhor. �� Amar lorng mxzaiviar lirn-azor si afnnar teq phaq hor. ( "Uxcidjit, lirn-amar zhar boeq kab azor khix phaq hor. Azor thviatioh yi boeq toex, ciu simlai cviaa-hoanlor. Y-sym cide khykoong, ciu toaxsviaf ka yi me. Me-liao, y ciu cidlaang pviarsex zao-zhudkhix goaxbin. ( "Hitsii uxlaang khvoartioh azor ti goaxbin thauthau'ar teq laau bagsae. Y hiornglaai mxbad afnny ka lirn-amar toaxsviaf me. Y sviu, y afnny khix phaq Jidpurn-laang, na boextaxng thafng tngr+laai, si boeq afnnar ciaq hor. Lautioh lirn-amar cidee laang ......" ( Kin'afjit ee porzoar u siar phaq hor ee taixcix. Ti hiaf boo siar, si sviaflaang khix phq hor. Tvaf, larn lorng zaiviar, he si larn ee azor. Larn ciu ia boeq laai oh y, cviazox iofngkarm ee torsu. |
| (
Goar ee Toaxcie, a'Bie
( Goar u cidee toaxcie kiorzox a'Bie. A'Bie Cie, toa goar siehoex; yi ee laang suie koq kiesexng cviahor. Zef, goar kab yi sionghoarn; goar ee laang zholor, koq kiesexng cviabae. A'Bie Cie zaiviar goar hotoo, yi iao si cviaa-thviax+goar. ( Uxcidjit, yi zhoa goar boeq khix khvoarhix. Kaux hievi ee mngkhao, pailiet boeq jip+khix ee sizun, goar ciaq hoatkiexn boo zaq hie'phiox laai. Acie khvoax goar teq toa-tioqkib, ciu khinkhyn sof goar ee thaukhag, chiorchiox-korng, "Ae lie koq boexkix+tid." ( Muypae, goar na boeq zhutmngg, yi ciu laai goar ee sinpvy; cit'hang-hit'hang thoex goar zernglie. Koq ka goar cit'hang-hit'hang hoanhux laai thechvie. Zef si in'ui yi zay, goar ee kiesexng tegpiet bae, koq suxsu bogaau phahsngx kab koafnlie. Yi cidbin zernglie cidbin korng, "Zef ti ciaf, hef ti hiaf, lie tioh mxthafng boexkix+tid." ( Kuxnii, acie ti Kalie kiet'hwn. Kiet'hwn-au ciu boeq khix Thaekog zox senglie. Goar tuy Taipag ze hoefchiaf kvoarkhix hux yn ee kiet'hwn-seg. ( Tngf goar taqjip zhux+nih ee sii, kiet'hwn-seg tehboeq khaisie. Goar kynkirn zawkhix zhoe acie; ciu ka yi korng, "Kionghie, kionghie. Goar ee acie ! Zef si lie ee hor-jidcie !" Goar ciu khaisie ti goar ee svaf ee muy'cidee laktoexar+nih, zhoe hit'ee boeq saxng ho yi ee kym-chiwcie. Tidtit-zhoe tidtit-zhoe, khioksi lorng zhoe-boo ! ( Acie ti hiaf khvoax goar zhoe-gaq bin lorng aang+khylaai. Yi khia+teq, tarn cidtiap'ar-kuo. Yi ee bin iao si chiorchiox, ar khinkhyn'ar kofngzhud, "Ae, lie koq boexkix+tid laq." ( A'Bie Cie, goar zoex-chin'aix ee toaxcie. Suijieen lie ykefng khix ti hngxhng ee Thaekog, goar iao sisioong teq hoailiam+lie. Goar ee kiesexng iao si hiahniq'bae, mxkuo sisioong lorng oe sviuxkhie lie, goar ee acie. Sviuxkhie lie ee thviarsym, lie ee chiorioong, kab lie ee hitkux oe, "Ae, lie koq boexkix+tid." Ciah'ee, kaux efng'oarn, goar lorng boe boexkix+tid. |
| (
( |
Thor'ar Zao^laai
Khvoax^aq. Nngxciaq thor'ar zao^laai. Yn thiaux^cid'e-thiaux^cid'e cyn-kofzuy. Ti tviaa^nih ee gyn'ar lorng u khvoax^tioh. Taikef tiaxmtiam, bo'aix ho yn kviaf^tioh. |
| (
|
Gyn'ar khafn kaw'ar, toaxlaang khafn gu'ar. Zapof-gyn'ar aix
bef'ar. Zabor-gyn'ar pho niau'a'r.
Chitthoo-miq'ar taglaang aix. U chia'ar, u ang'ar, ia u zhaa-zng'ar. |
| ( | Kaw'ar-kviar
torzhux loaxnloan-zao.
Y zao^khylix koq zao^loqlaai; y zao^zhutkhix koq zao^jiblaai. Y na koq zao^laai, tioh ka y liah^khylaai. Afnny, y ciaq boe loaxnloan zao. |
| (
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Kaw'ar-kviar na aix
loan-pui, to ka y kvoafzhud goaxkhao. Gyn'ar kviar na m koaikoay,
ciu maix ho y zhud^khix.
Phvae-kaw'ar aix puix, ciu bolaang boeq thviax y. Koay-gyn'ar aix chitthoo, ciu ho y zhutkhix goaxkhao. |
| 註 | 強弱音辭,可寫成~^~ 或 ~+~,其意義相同。 |