Phonemes  and  Reading  Practice (1)
to Phonemes and Reading Practice (2)                                          to  EDUTECH entry page
1a. Fundamental Tone Simple Vowel Phonemes
a, e, i, o, o, u, m, ng    (Fundamental Tone = flat medium-pitch tone )

1b. Fundamental ToneComplex Vowel Phonemes
ai, au, am, ang;   eng 
ia, io, iu, im, iau, iam, iang, iong
oa, om, ong, oai
ui, un 



2a.Raised Tone  Simple Vowel Phonemes
af, ef, y, of, of, w, mf, ngf    ( Raised Tone = flat high-pitch tone )

2b. Raised Tone Complex Vowel Phonemes
ay, aw, afm, afng;  efng 
iaf, iof, iw, ym, iaw, iafm, iafng, iofng 
oaf, ofm, ofng, oay
uy, wn 


Sentences with Fundamental-Tone Phonemes and Raised-Tone Phonemes (1)


(1). Fundamental-Tone and Raised-Tone ~f  Phonemes
MLT/TMSS sentence  (English) Phonetogram  (red.is a changed tone)
Zef si guchiaf.      Hef  si befchiaf.
     . Zef si kongchiaf.      Hef si hoefchiaf.
     .  (This is an ox-cart.   That is a coach. 
     .  .   .   This is a bus,     That is a train.)
ze  si  gucia   //   he  si  beciia
     .ze  si  kongcia    //   he  si  hoecia
Zef si sikoef.   Hef si tangkoef.
     . Hef si symmih?   Hef si kimkoef.
Zef si lanhoef.   Hef si tehoef.
     . Zef si enghoef.   Hef si boftafn.
     .  . (This is a melon.   That is a white gourrd.
     .  .  .What is that?   That is a pumpkin.
     . .   This is an orchid.  That is a tea flower.
     .  .  . . This is a cherry-blossom.  That is a peony.)
ze  si  si koe   //   he  si  tangkoe
    he  si  simmih   //   he  si  kimkoe
ze  si  lanhoe   //   he  si  tehoe
    ze  si  !enghoe   //  he  si  botan
Zef si tepoef.  Si papaf ee tepoef.
     . Hef si symmih?   Hef si mamaf ee te'aw.
     .  . (This is a tea-cup.  It is papa's tea-cup.
     .  .         What is that?   That is mama's small tea-cup.).
ze  si  tepoe   //  si  papa!e  tepoe
  he  si  simmih   //   he  si  mama!e  te!au
Ciaf  si  Taitiofng.   Hiaf  si  Taitafng.
     Ciaf  si  Taisef.   Hiaf  si Pintofng.
         (Here  is  Taitiofng.  There  is  Taitafng.
         .         Here  is  Taisef.   There  is  Pintofng.)
cia  si  taitiong   //  hia  si  taitang
    cia  si  taise   //  hia  si  pintong
Zef si symmih?  Zef si siofmoe ee sinsvaf.
     Hef si siofti ee svaf.   Siofti ee svaf, o'of.
    ( What is this?  This is younger sister's cloths.
          That is younger brother's cloths.   Younger
                brother's cloths is somewhat blackish.)
ze  si  simmih    //  ze  si  siomoe!e  sva
    he  si  sioti!e  sva   //   sioti!e  sva  /
                    !o!o
Ciaf  u  symmih?   Ciaf  u  cinzoe  hoefkimkof.
      Hiaf  u  symmih?   Hiaf  ia  u  cinzoe 
                               hoefkimkof.
      (What is here?   Here are many fireflies.
                What is there?   There are also  many fireflies.)
cia!u  simmih    //  cia  !u  cinzoe
    hoekimko     //    hia !u  simmih   //
    hia!ia!u  cinzoe  hoekimko
(2).Fundamental-Tone and Raised-Tone ~y  Phonemes
MLT/TMSS sentence(English) Phonetogram  (red.is a changed tone)
Zef si papaf ee kapy.   Papaf lym kapy.   Siofmoe
    lym byny (bylefng).   Siofti  lym  guny (gulefng).
      (This is papa's coffee.   Papa drinks coffee.   My younger
             sister drinks  rice-milk.   My younger brother drinks 
             milk.)
ze  si  papa!e  kapi   //   papa  lim
    kapi    //   siomoe  lim  bi ni   // 
    sioti  lim  guni
A'Kiaw,  cyn-kofzuy.   Yi  ma  cyn-oe  sainay.
    Yi  ee  hviakof  si  suky.   Y  si   kongchiaf  ee 
    suky.
      (Little Kiaw is very cute.   She does also behaves as
    a spoilt child.   Her brother is a driver.   He is a driver 
    of a bus.)
!akiau  /  cinkozui   //   !i  ma  cin!oe  sainai   //   !i   !e  hviako  si  suki   //   !i  si  kongcia!e  suki
Zef  si  a'Efng  ee  iency.   Yi  u  cinzoe  iency.
    A'Efng  ee  papaf  u  bykym.    A'Efng  ee 
    mamaf  u  kimkym  ee  ngkym.
      (This is Miss Efng's lip-stick.   She has many lip-sticks.
    Miss Efng's father has American dollars.   Miss Efng's 
     mother has shining gold.)
ze  si!a!eng!e!ienc  //   !  !u cinzo!ienci   //   !a!eng!e  papa!u  bikim   //  !a!eng!e   mama!u  kimkim !e !ngkim
Tof'ui  u  pengky?   Siofti-hiaf  u  pengky.
    Polepoef  he  pengky,  y  ciu  lerng-kiky.
    Ciaf  u  zhengpefng  zhafm  guny.    Khaq-tv
    ee,  si  guny  iafsi  pengky? 
      ( Where is  an icecream-bar?   There is icecream-bar at
    younger brother's place.   Put the icecream-bar into a glass 
    cup, then it becomes very cold.    Here is fresh scraped ice
    mixed with milk.   Which is more sweet, milk or
    icecream-bar?)
to!ui!u   pengki   //   sioti  hia  !u     pengki   //   polepoe  he  pengki   /    !i  ciu  lengkiki   //   cia  !u zengpeng  zam  guni    //   kaqtvi!e^e  /  si  gun !iasi   pengki
Tiafmsym  ti  tof'ui?   Hef  ti  mamaf-hiaf.
    Tiafmsym  u  symmih?    U  angtau-thngf  ma
    u  angtau-pefng. 
      (Where is the snack?   It is at mother's place.   What are
    for the snack?   There are the red bean soup and also the
    red bean ice.) 
tiamsim  ti  to!ui   //   he  ti   mama  hia   //   tiamsim !u   simmih   //    !u !angtautng  ma !u !angtau  peng
Ciaqpng-kefng  u  tang'of,  bykof  kab  iensuy.
    Hiaf  ma  u  hepy  kab  hoeky.
      (There are garland crysanthemum, steam cake of rice, and
    coriander in the kitchen.   There are also dried shrimp and 
    white cuttle-fish.) 
ciaqpng  keng   !u    tang!o  /  biko  kab!iensui   //   hia  ma !u   hepi  kab   hoeki
Svoalai  u  say  kab svoaty. Haypvy-hiaf  u  soatuy.
    Chimsvoaf-lai  ee  ty  si  svoaty.   Kuituy  ee soaf
    si  soatuy.
       (There are lion and wide board in the mountain.  There is
   a heap of sand on the seashore.     The pig in the mountain is
   a wild board.   A piled sand is  a heap of sand.).   .. 
svoalai!u   sai   kab  svoati    //    haipvi  hia  !u   soatui   //  cimsvoa  lai   !e  t   si    svoati   //   kuitui !e  soa  si  soatui
(3). Fundamental-Tone and Raised-Tone ~w Phonemes
MLT/TMSS sentence(English) Phonetogram  (red.is a changed tone)
Ciaf u cidciaq kimkw.   Si zhvef ee kimkw.   Hiaf
    u  kuyciaq kimkw?   Hiaf u kawciaq kimkw.
       (Here is a gold bug.   It is a blue gold bug.   How many
   gold bugs are there?    Here are nine golbugs.)
cia!u   cidciaq  kimku   //  si zve !e   kimku   //   hia   !u   kuiciaq  kimku   //   hia   !u   kauciaq  kimku
Hef si cidciaq kw.   Si haykw,  si  ti  haylai ee 
    haykw.   Haypvy kiarm u kawhia kab titw?
       (That is a turtle.   It is an ocean turtle, it is an ocean 
    turtle in  the ocean.   Are there ants and spiders on the 
    beach?) 
he  si   cidciaq  ku   //  si   haiku   /  si    ti  hailai  !e  haiku   //  haipvi   kiam !u    kauhia  kab  ti tu
Hiaf  u  kuyciaq  niaw?    U kawciaq  niaw. 
    Kitiofng  u  svaciaq,  si  of  ee  niaw.   Hef  si
    a'Kiaw  yn-taw  ee  niaw.
       (How many cats are there?    There are nine cats.
    Three among them are black cats.   They are cats of 
    Little Kiaw's home.) 
hia!u   kuiciaq  niau   //  !u   kauciaq   niau   //  kitiong !u   svaciaq   /    si   !o  !e  niau   //   he   si !akiau!in tau  !e  niau
Zhwn-ha-chiw-tofng.    Kaciw  na  si  zhunthvy, 
    Lamhuy  si  chiuthvy.   Zhunthvy, joaqthvy, 
    chiuthvy  kab  kvoathvy.   Afnny  Aciw  si 
    symmih'thvy?   Ma  si  zhunthvy. 
        (Spring--summer--autumn--winter.   When California is
    spring, Southern Africa is autumn.   Spring-time, summer-
    time, autumn-time and winter-time.   Then, what season is
    in Asia?   It is also in spring-time.)
zun  /  ha  / ciu  /  tong   //   kaciu  na  sizuntvi  /  lamhui  si ciutvi   //   zuntvi  /  joaqtvi  /  ciutvi  kab  kvoatvi   //   !anni!aciu  si   simmihtvi   //  ma  si  zuntvi
Hongthay-thvy,  hofng  cviatoa.    Thvy-kngf   ee
   sii,  thvy o'of.  Hofthvy,  phvaythvy,  sva'kau'voa.
   Symmih  si  longhw  kytioh  thvy  teq kithai?  ...
   Si  ho.
       (Typhoon season blows a severe wind.   When at
    sun-rise,  the sky is blackish.   Good weather and bad 
    weather interchange.    What is the expectation of farmers
    as they point to the sky?      It is rain.)
hongtaitvi  /  hong  cviatoa   //   tvi  kng !e  si^tvi!o!o   //   hotvi  /  pvaitvi   svakauvoa    //   simmih  si   longhu  ki tioh tvi  teq  kitai   //  si    ho
A'Li  yn-taw  ee  lauthuy-khaf-hiaf,  u  cidkefng
    pangkefng.   Hiaf  u  cviakngf  ee  mngthafng, 
    kab  cidee  toa  ee  sizefng.    A'Li  ee  seinsvy
    kab  yn-cyhw,  ti  ciaf  kofng'oe,  ti  ciaf 
    suhhwn.    Ti cit'ee pangkefng-lai,  yn  u cviazoe
    thafng  hoailiam  ee  su.
      (Down the stairway in Dear Li's home, there is a room. 
    There is a very bright window and  a large clock.   Dear Li's
    husband and her brother-in-law have had times for talking 
    and smoking.   In that room,  they had a lot of things to
    think of.)
!al  !in tau  !e  lautuika  hia  /   !u    cidkeng  pangkeng   //   hia   !u   cviakng  !e  mngtang  kab  cid!e  toa   !e  sizeng   //   !al  !e   siensvi  kab  !in cihu   /   ti  cia  kong!oe   /  ti  cia   suhhun   //   ti  cit!e  pangkenglai   /   !in   !u   cviazoe tang  hoailiam  !e   su

Phonemes and Reading Practice (1)                   by Prof. Liim K-H